Essential aviation - 精东影业 Aviation news Thu, 01 Jun 2023 13:05:01 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.1 /images/cropped-logo-sm-32x32.png Essential aviation - 精东影业 32 32 Flying through fire and bias as a female water bomber pilot /articles/32069-emily-crombez-first-female-water-bomber-pilot-north-america Wed, 07 Sep 2022 07:25:43 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/32069-emily-crombez-first-female-water-bomber-pilot-north-america Recurring heat waves and droughts during the past 20 years have led to wildfires destroying twice as much…

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Recurring heat waves and droughts during the past 20 years have led to wildfires destroying twice as much of the forest surface as they did at the turn of the century. Global Forest Watch recently published a in which it showed that an additional 3 million hectares of forest, an area equivalent to Belgium, are lost each year compared to 2001.  

Much of that loss (70%) occurred in boreal forests, as the increase in temperature has caused these forests to become more arid, and thus more prone to fires. In Canada, where boreal forests represent around 60% of the nation’s land area, 11% of tree cover has been lost in the past two decades. 

When the prevention of forest fires fails, water bombers are the favored solution to try and contain the catastrophe. Through the air, they can reach harder to access areas much faster than ground firefighters, making their role particularly effective as first responders. 

As our essential aviation spotlight month draws to a close, 精东影业 talked to Emily Crombez, the first woman to fly a Bombardier CL-415 water bomber in North America, about gender bias, the challenges of aerial firefighting and how she is actively encouraging more women to take up positions within the aviation industry. 

Grounded in Canadian aviation culture 

Emily Crombez was training to become a commercial pilot at Confederation College in Thunder Bay, northern Ontario, when she saw then-Bombardier CL-415 waterbombers at work for the first time. Determined to one day fly one of these planes, she began her career in the Canadian bush. 

鈥泪 started my career flying floats [floatplanes 鈥 ed. note], flying fishermen and hunters into remote lakes that you couldn’t access by roads and building my time towards my goal of flying the CL-415,鈥 Crombez recounted. 鈥淭hat gave me some multi-engine experience, and instrument flying time, because I wanted to make sure I was well rounded.鈥 

Working her way up, Crombez was eventually contracted by Ontario’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, which manages a fleet of CL-415 waterbombers. This was her first experience supporting firefighting operations. 

鈥淏ut I actually started as a Twin Otter captain, on wheels, flying firefighters to some of our remote locations or moving them around, flying in lots of their equipment, fuel drums for the helicopters at the fires.鈥 

Emily Crombez fighting fire near Kenora, Canada (Courtesy photo)

Becoming a trailblazer 

After two seasons in a supporting role, Crombez was finally offered a position in the cockpit of a CL-415 waterbomber in 2014. 

鈥淎t the time, I had no idea I was the first woman in Canada to fly it; it精东影业 just what I wanted to do,鈥 she explains. 鈥泪t wasn’t until ground school that the instructor, who had traveled all over the world for Bombardier at the time, told me, you’re the first woman in North America, and he was pretty excited about that.鈥 

One of the reasons why it took until 2014 to see a woman in this role in Canada is due, according to Crombez, to the requirement to acquire floatplane experience first. 

鈥淭here are very few females flying floatplanes. It’s a job that’s very remote, and it’s very physically demanding because you’re loading heavy motors, generators, propane gas. The physical aspect of the job is hard; it’s not to say we can’t do it,鈥 she explained. 鈥淭he employers also weren’t necessarily interested in hiring females, and if any female had worked there previously and made any mistake at all, then they said we don’t want to hire another female. So, I always felt there was extra pressure to do well.  

鈥淥ften, you were expected to do additional roles that other pilots wouldn’t necessarily do on top of your role. You might be told to go in the kitchen at the end of your flying day and do the dishes, or like some extra job like that, which would usually be associated with more domesticated roles, I guess, for females.鈥 

鈥泪 even had one group call my boss on the satphone [satellite phone 鈥 ed. note] once I dropped them off, and they say, no, you won’t send her to pick us up. And he said, well, then you might be living out there for a long, cold winter.鈥 

The response and management of aerial firefighting creates a challenging 鈥 and unique 鈥 working environment. What does Crombez see as some of the more significant challenges faced by aerial firefighters?  

鈥淭he challenge with the aerial firefighting was being on call and waiting. We had to be airborne within five minutes,鈥滳rombez explained. 鈥淲e did all pre-departure checks on all the systems before we even started our alert, so we could just hop in the airplane and take off.  Sometimes being on call was quite difficult, especially if it was a slow season with no flying. That’s when the morale kind of comes down. Everyone’s sitting around, you have lots of time to complain about things and forget how cool of a job it really is. 

鈥淏ut the actual flying itself鈥 I mean, where else do you get to do some of the flying that they basically teach you not to do in flight school? You’re low, you’re slow, you’re heavy, high angles of attack, maneuvering in tight areas, lots of aircraft, scooping 6,100 liters of water in 12 seconds, and then drop the water about 100 feet above the ground鈥 the flying was very, very intense. And I enjoyed that.鈥 

Emily Crombez next to her Bombardier CL-415 (Courtesy photo)

While we might expect attitudes within a government agency to be more progressive, Crombez found that work at the ministry was not free from prejudice. 

鈥淢ost of the people I worked with were excellent, very respectful,鈥 Crombez pointed out. 鈥淏ut there were always a couple who didn’t want me to be there, and they just thought it should be the Old Boys Club. They made my life difficult there, and that’s why I eventually decided to leave and go to the airlines.鈥 

For all the obvious differences in flying behavior, Crombez found that many of her skills were transferable and could be utilized in her new role. 

鈥泪n a simulator during flight training, I often will get a comment on my hands and feet position because I’ve had so much experience hand flying in some challenging conditions. I鈥檓 flying a [Boeing] 777 now, and we’re on autopilot so often. We’re not maneuvering anywhere close to a CL-415, or the passengers would be going for quite the ride in the back. 

鈥淎苍诲 obviously, the decision-making in all of those positions comes through as well. Even if the instructor doesn’t know my background, they see I have been through some jobs where I’ve had to make decisions in a very short period of time, and that would be a lot of that would stem from that firefighting.鈥 

Although her personal experience as a water bomber pilot was shortened by gender prejudice, Crombez paved the way for more women to take on the role. 

鈥泪n Ontario, there are two [women] flying a CL-415 now, and I do know of a couple in the US as well. This is encouraging because hopefully if they’re working together, they can create a different dynamic, supportive and kind of fun as well.鈥 

In 2020, a Canadian postage stamp was issued by the Ninety-Nines, the international association of women in flight, to honor Emily Crombez for being the first woman to fly a water bomber in North America. This stamp gave her a platform to continue her work as a trailblazer for women.  

鈥泪 recently participated in an event called Girls Can Fly, where there were around 800 free introductory flights for young girls. Walking through the airport, these girls often see the typical male pilot and just don’t even think about that. I know when I walk through an airport, there are usually lots of heads turning still, which surprises me. This was a great way to show them that this is a career option for you. And not just as a pilot, you know, maybe a maintenance engineer or avionics technician, dispatcher, air traffic controller. There are so many great jobs in aviation.鈥 

The post Flying through fire and bias as a female water bomber pilot appeared first on 精东影业.]]> Meet the platinum record producer flying rescue dogs across America /articles/32077-wings-of-rescue-interview Sun, 04 Sep 2022 08:40:19 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/32077-wings-of-rescue-interview Appeal: Wings of Rescue is looking for pilots to fly pets to a new life. Contact pilot@wingsofrescue.org for more…

The post Meet the platinum record producer flying rescue dogs across America appeared first on 精东影业.]]> Appeal: Wings of Rescue is looking for pilots to fly pets to a new life. Contact pilot@wingsofrescue.org for more details. Pilots need to have access to a pressurized cabin for transportation.

After a lifetime in the cut-throat Los Angeles record industry, Ric Browde volunteered at a local animal shelter before deciding that flying at-risk dogs to a new life seemed like a good way to make a difference in the world. And there is no doubt that the shelter dogs are tamer than some of the bands he worked with during his record-producing days.

鈥泪 fly joy. That精东影业 my job and I love it,鈥 Ric says. 鈥淲hen you load up that aircraft and you know you鈥檙e taking those pets to a new life and a second chance, it makes all the work worthwhile.

Wings of Rescue Ric handles a crate

鈥泪t精东影业 about supply and demand. Like in any business you have a glut in one market and a paucity in another. This weekend we will fly from Puerto Rico, where there are more pets than people, to Maine where there are people waiting to adopt these pets.

鈥泪 was lucky to have success in the record industry, but after that I was speaking to my wife and I said, 鈥榃e really haven鈥檛 done anything to make the world any better鈥 and she got me to volunteer in animal rescue and it all started from there.鈥

There are signs of his former life dotted throughout his beautiful home. A collection of nine pinball machines stand proudly alongside an array of Platinum and Gold records hanging on the wall, with more still neatly leaning along a bereft-looking wall clearly waiting to be hung. But there is no doubt that today Ric is 100% focused on the aircraft and logistics needed to deliver hundreds of lifesaving missions each year 鈥 and adopting some of the pets himself.

鈥淭oday I have five dogs. They are all my pride and joy and I love them. I tend to bring home the dogs that might not get adopted by others鈥 he says proudly. 鈥淭here is no cherry picking; all of these dogs need a good home with good people.鈥 It精东影业 clear that Ric would have 100 dogs, or more, if he could. But it is not just him. 鈥泪 don鈥檛 think we have a single pilot who has not adopted one of the dogs!鈥 he tells me with a wry smile.

Wings of Rescue, a charity based in north America, flies hundreds of rescue missions each year using its own Pilatus PC-12, aircraft belonging to its network of volunteer pilots and through wet leasing arrangements, mostly chartering Embraer 120 Brazilia. 鈥淟ast year we had around 75 Brazilia flights and we have nine of those aircraft available to us. This week we will have four of them operating for us. We have used a C130 Hercules for one mission.鈥

鈥淥ur average flight is around four or five hours in duration,鈥 Ric explains, 鈥渟o it is not long, but we have done 10 to 12 hours flights sometimes.鈥

Wings of Rescue Ric carrying a dog

Since launching in 2012, Wings of Rescue has flown more than 64,000 pets. 鈥淲e have over 400 pets in the air this week,鈥 Ric tells me as he does some quick mental arithmetic counting all the flights operating within the coming days.

In 2021, the charity flew 104 missions, transporting almost 9,000 pets (that精东影业 6200 dogs, over 2300 cats, 16 rabbits and seven guinea pigs 鈥 not to mention the three-legged mouse!) to safe havens. It also delivered more than 67,000 pounds of humanitarian aid and pet supplies to tornado-ravaged Alabama, to St Vincent after a devastating volcanic eruption, and to the aftermath of Hurricane Ida.

鈥淲hen we first started, we had a bunch of private pilots with very small planes. In a Piper Cub, it is non-pressurized flying over mountains, and you can only take two or three pets. When you add it all up with the fuel bills it would be much easier to have a bigger plane and would only need one tank of gas.鈥

So why the PC-12? 鈥淲e acquired it following a tragedy,鈥 Ric tells me. 鈥淲e were using a Malibu as our primary plane, and it went in for its annual check and the mechanic made a terrible mistake and plugged the rudder in backwards. He went up for a test run with the test pilot and the Malibu crashed and, unfortunately, they both died. After much soul searching, we decided to carry on and so we put the insurance money toward the Pilatus, which is a great size for us and a very reliable and versatile aircraft.鈥 

Charities sometimes find it difficult to rebound from such a significant and tragic event. But in the shadows of disaster, Ric and his team were determined to restart the operations.

The charity has a number of animal-loving private pilots who fly for it. 鈥淲e still have a few private pilots who fly for us, and we are always looking for volunteer pilots with their own pressurized plane. We have one Beechcraft Duke that精东影业 coming online next month based in Florida. It will be perfect for flying pets over from the Bahamas up to the east coast. We have a pilot with his own Citation based in California who will do some missions here and there for us.鈥

So where do the pilots come from? 鈥淨uite often we land in an airport and other pilots are saying 鈥榳hat is that noise?鈥 coming from all the barking dogs. They see it and are animal lovers and they ask 鈥榳ait, how can I help?鈥 and those are the best pilots as they enjoy it the most. It is not just another flight for them, but it is kind of a thrill. I have probably done over 500 flights and when that door closes and you know those pets are safe, there is nothing like it.鈥

Ric admits that since he joined Wings of Rescue, he has been bitten by the aviation bug, but he has no plans to become a pilot. 鈥淯nfortunately, I am old! I am 68 so I don鈥檛 think I will be flying as a pilot. I鈥檝e gotten that horrible disease that people who own planes have 鈥 plane envy! I see a new PC-24 next to me and I think 鈥極h, I love that, how many pets can I put on that?鈥 I am constantly looking at planes and thinking 鈥榦h if I had one of those what could I do with it?鈥 But I have trouble parallel parking sometimes so I don鈥檛 think anyone would trust me as a pilot!

鈥淢y job is to load the plane and to look after the pets. I鈥檓 really good at loading a plane and I have been offered jobs as a load master! I am there to take care of the pets if there is a medical emergency or something like that and we need someone on each flight who has that experience,鈥 he says, recalling the more than 500 missions he has personally flown on.

Ric has so many stories of hope. He tells one story about an animal control officer who was thought to 鈥榚njoy killing pets鈥 and 鈥榥obody liked him鈥 because of this reputation. However, Ric saw a different side to the officer who helped him to load 40 pets onto the aircraft one day and then explained that it was his daughter精东影业 14th birthday and had he not been able to get the pets on the aircraft he would have to go back to the shelter and kill them all before going to his daughter精东影业 birthday party. 鈥泪 just want to thank you for making my daughters鈥 birthday a happy occasion,鈥 he told Ric as they finished loading.

鈥淓veryone was crying, and we are friends to this day,鈥 Ric tells me, and I can feel the real emotion coming through.

On another occasion, Ric flew a rescue mission to reunite pets with their owners after a hurricane hit Puerto Rico.

鈥淎fter Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico about 30% of the population moved stateside. A lot of these people were having to leave their pets behind and move to Florida. So, I said 鈥榳hy don鈥檛 we do a reunion flight and bring these pets back to their owners?鈥  We took the PC-12 down. We landed with the pets, and everybody was there, and it was like a whole family event. Every pet was claimed.

鈥淎 mother approached me and said 鈥榤y son is fundamentally challenged and is in a wheelchair and has been catatonic since he was separated from his dog. He hasn鈥檛 said a word in two months. Would you bring the dog to him?鈥 About 15 meters from the airplane, I am carrying the crate and the dog starts moving around in this crate. About a meter away from the kid and he sees the dog and he suddenly gets really animated and starts speaking. He reaches out for the dog with one hand and to his mother with the other hand. Everyone is crying!鈥 Ric精东影业 emotion shows. His voice just slightly breaks.

鈥淎nimals have a profound effect on human beings, and this is why we fly,鈥 he proudly tells me. The lump in my own throat is growing, but I just about manage to control the emotion.

鈥淲hat I have the honor and privilege of doing is that I fly joy and I fly hope,鈥 Ric says. 鈥淭he only thing that is irritating is that our team and I cannot save them all. But it is not just me and our small staff doing it, it is the 30 or 40,000 donors that we have. I am their representative on the flight.  It is for all of us making the world a better place 100 or 200 pets at a time.鈥

Ric with a dog in flight

So, are cats and dogs good aviation passengers? 鈥淔irst of all, they are all in crates and so you have to think about it from their perspective 鈥 I am being piled into this tube and I can smell all these other dogs and cats around me. It has got to be a little bit stressful. They all have water and blankets and room to turn around.  For the first 10,000 feet there is a bit of noise and barking but after 10,000 feet they all go to sleep, except for beagles! Beagles howl, so they all have to go at the back of the plane. You have this quiet, and then we start descending and we get to 10,000 feet again and the only way I can describe it is that we have a plane load of three-year-olds asking 鈥榓re we there yet?鈥.鈥

Ric精东影业 message is clear. 鈥淵ou can make a difference,鈥 he says. 鈥淓veryone has the power to make a difference in their life. Don鈥檛 be afraid to take chances and do something good as it really will enrich your life.鈥

Ric has a passion for his role that you rarely find. Based on our conversations, I doubt he ever plays poker as his face finds it impossible to hide his joy. And it精东影业 infectious. If Ric Browde wanted to find a way to make a difference in the world, he stumbled into the right place as his love for dogs in unquestioned and his passion and enthusiasm for Wings of Rescue is absolute.  In his previous music career, he may well have recorded 36 albums and sold over 27 million records earning eight platinum and 11 gold records, but my bet is that all of that gave him the opportunity to focus on making his mark in the world by flying thousands of pets to safety and to a new life. And I bet he wouldn鈥檛 sacrifice a single animal flight to be back in LA.

How can the 精东影业 community help?

  • Most of our money comes from the kindness of strangers 鈥 you can donate here:  wingsofrescue.org/donate
  • If you have access to a pressurized plane, please volunteer to join us 鈥 just email us at pilot@wingsofrescue.org (the charity will speak to you about how they look after your aircraft and make sure everything is right after each flight)
  • Please spay and neuter your pet
  • Hug your pet
  • Treat your pet kindly

You can watch the full interview here:

The post Meet the platinum record producer flying rescue dogs across America appeared first on 精东影业.]]> FAA awards $2.7M to explore use of drones in disaster and emergency response /articles/31951-faa-award-research-drones-disaster-emergency-response Fri, 19 Aug 2022 11:19:55 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31951-faa-award-research-drones-disaster-emergency-response The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has awarded $2.7 million in research to explore the use of drones in…

The post FAA awards $2.7M to explore use of drones in disaster and emergency response appeared first on 精东影业.]]> The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has awarded $2.7 million in research to explore the use of drones in disaster preparedness and emergency response.

The administration said in its announcement that the research will explore the use of drones in providing effective and efficient responses to different natural and human-made disasters. 

It will also address coordination and logistic procedures among drone operators from federal agencies, as well as state and local disaster preparedness and emergency response organizations. 

鈥淓very second counts in an emergency, and this funding will allow drones to safely and more quickly deploy in moments when minutes matter,鈥 acting FAA administrator Billy Nolen said in a statement dated August 18, 2022.

The five universities and their award amounts are: 

  • University of Vermont                                  $1,195,000

  • University of Alabama Huntsville                $828,070

  • New Mexico State University                      $400,000

  • North Carolina State University                   $200,000

  • Kansas State University                               $145,000

 

The post FAA awards $2.7M to explore use of drones in disaster and emergency response appeared first on 精东影业.]]> Lufthansa Technik to modify German Air Force A321LRs for medevac missions /articles/31945-german-air-force-takes-delivery-second-a321lr Thu, 18 Aug 2022 14:42:10 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31945-german-air-force-takes-delivery-second-a321lr The German Air Force took delivery of its second Airbus A321LR aircraft from Lufthansa Technik. The aircraft will…

The post Lufthansa Technik to modify German Air Force A321LRs for medevac missions appeared first on 精东影业.]]> The German Air Force took delivery of its second Airbus A321LR aircraft from Lufthansa Technik. The aircraft will be used for troop transport and parliamentary flight operations before being returned in the next year for modifications to enable it to carry out medical evacuation missions as well.  

According to a statement from Lufthansa Technik, the new German Air Force Airbus A321LR (long range, e.d.-) aircraft, with tactical registration 15+11, arrived at Cologne-Bonn airport (CGN) in Germany on August 17, 2022. It is the second aircraft of the type which will serve the Air Force on both short and long-haul operations. The first A321LR, the 15+10, joined the military fleet in June 2022. The two aircraft can each carry 136 passengers when used for transporting troops or politicians. 

However, there are more missions in store for the new A321LR aircraft. During the next 12 months both planes will be handed back to Hamburg-based Lufthansa Technik, where they will undergo an intensive testing and modification process to make them suitable for medical evacuation missions, such as transportation of wounded, injured and diseased troops or other government servants.  

Once the modifications are made, the planes will be capable of flying six patients who needs intensive medical care or up to twelve mildly or moderately injured people. 

Some modifications to the narrow-body aircraft have already been completed. 鈥淭he company was able to complete various preliminary work for the MedEvac mission, for example for the oxygen supply on board the two aircraft, already during the first phase of the project,鈥 the MRO company精东影业 statement reads. 

The post Lufthansa Technik to modify German Air Force A321LRs for medevac missions appeared first on 精东影业.]]> Mountain rescue: can jetpacks replace helicopters to save people’s lives? /articles/31940-mountain-rescue-can-jetpacks-replace-helicopters Thu, 18 Aug 2022 13:07:04 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31940-mountain-rescue-can-jetpacks-replace-helicopters They used to be the stuff of science fiction. But thanks to technological advances, jetpacks, devices with back-mounted…

The post Mountain rescue: can jetpacks replace helicopters to save people精东影业 lives? appeared first on 精东影业.]]> They used to be the stuff of science fiction. But thanks to technological advances, jetpacks, devices with back-mounted engines and handheld controls, have become a reality. 

However, these flying machines, sought after by some for recreation and extreme sports, may also be suitable for search and rescue operations. In fact, a number of mountain rescue crews have already begun implementing jetpack technologies. 

Categories of jetpacks 

In order to consider whether a jetpack could be used to rescue people, it is important to look at the machine精东影业 design features. 

Depending on the nature of the power required, jetpacks can be divided into three categories: hydrogen peroxide-powered rocket packs, hydrojet packs, and turbojet packs.  

When it comes to hydrogen peroxide-powered rocket packs, the technology used is considered to be one of the oldest. These rocket packs are powered by hot gas which results from a chemical reaction when nearly pure hydrogen peroxide meets a catalyst, usually silver. Due to the exothermic reaction, a mixture of steam and hot gas is released, which is then directed into the rocket pack精东影业 nozzles to create a thrust that lifts the device off the ground. 

Meanwhile, hydrojet packs are designed slightly differently. The technology used to power hydrojet packs is similar to that used on a jet ski. It features a jet propulsion engine, which has an impeller that uses rotating fan blades to suck water into the engine and then forcefully eject it. Water is used as a high-density propulsion fluid which is supplied via a long flexible hose to feed the water to the jet nozzle pack attached to the pilot精东影业 body. A hydrojet pilot can control water flow rate using a remote actuator or a throttle. 

Unlike hydrojet packs, turbojet packs are equipped with wings and an engine fueled with standard kerosene-based jet fuel. However, this design is regarded as the most complex and so it is not as popular as other technologies used to power a jetpack. 

Helicopters vs jetpacks for mountain rescue 

Could jetpacks replace helicopters and other aircraft traditionally used to perform all-weather search and rescue operations?  

Typically, mountain rescue involves local mountaineers and hill walkers as well as professionally trained rescue professionals and aircrew who provide search and rescue helicopter (SAR) responses to emergency situations. The most common air vehicle used for mountain rescue activities is the SAR helicopter, which is usually equipped with crampons installed onto so-called ‘ice skates’ which help the craft to remain stable upon takeoff or landing in extreme weather conditions such as snow and ice.  

Another benefit of helicopter usage for mountain rescue is that the aircraft are usually equipped with medical equipment, including defibrillators, intravenous infusion sets, and comprehensive resuscitation kits as well as portable suction units and medical kits for critical patients. These helicopters can also feature additional medical equipment including chest drainage equipment, intubation equipment, amputation sets, and patient immobilizing kits. 

So, what精东影业 the argument for using jetpacks? 

Because of a jetpack精东影业 ability to reach average speeds of more than 130 kilometers per hour (or around 80 miles per hour), rescuers could use single-pilot flying machines when an immediate response is essential. Unlike helicopters, jetpacks feature a high level of maneuverability that allows rescue crews to get to people who need medical help in hard-to-reach areas.  

For instance, paramedics of the UK-based Great North Air Ambulance (GNAA) have been testing the British inventor精东影业 Richard Browning jet suit called the Daedalus Flight Pack. The jetpack can produce up to 144 kilograms (317 lbs) of thrust at full throttle from a pack of high-discharge LiPo batteries, so it can ascend quickly and save time in case of emergency. 

The jet suit features five small engines: two engines on each arm of a pilot as well as one which is attached to the pilot精东影业 back. This technology allows the paramedic to control the jetpack by moving their hands and allows them to conduct short flights at low altitudes. 

Paramedics from the GNAA have that it could take up to 90 seconds for a jetpack pilot to reach a patient in an area where it would take up to 30 minutes to land with a helicopter. And even though a flying paramedic couldn鈥檛 carry the same amount of medical equipment as a helicopter, a jetpack pilot is able to bring between 10 and 15 kilograms (22 to 33 lbs) of first aid supplies, including a medical kit with pharmaceuticals, a defibrillator and other patient-monitoring devices. 

The lack of legal regulations 

But if it is possible for a jetpack pilot to carry medical equipment, why are these flying machines not yet widely used for mountain rescue operations? 

Even though UK paramedics were among the first to initiate trials of jetpacks, there are currently no legal regulations covering such operations in Europe or the United States, making it essentially illegal to fly jetpacks for rescue operations. 

Another major issue to solve before jetpacks could be widely deployed for search and rescue is the high cost of operating and maintaining the technology. For example, the price for the Daedalus Flight Pack stands at around $440,000 per unit. The jetpack also burns approximately three liters (or a gallon) of jet fuel per minute, which makes it expensive to operate. 

It is also important to consider the safety aspect. A jetpack does not feature proper safety equipment to protect the pilot in case of an incident or technical malfunction. Since such a device falls into an experimental category of aircraft, a person willing to fly a jetpack has to complete flight training to hold a Light Sports Aircraft (LSA) pilot certificate. This suggests that in the future paramedics may be also required to complete specific training before flying to rescue missions. 

 

The post Mountain rescue: can jetpacks replace helicopters to save people精东影业 lives? appeared first on 精东影业.]]> Drones: the fight against poaching in Africa /articles/31889-drones-conservation-war-poaching-africa-uav Fri, 12 Aug 2022 08:22:40 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31889-drones-conservation-war-poaching-africa-uav Drones are no longer restricted to military and government-related operations. What was a $4.4 billion industry in 2018…

The post Drones: the fight against poaching in Africa appeared first on 精东影业.]]>

Drones are no longer restricted to military and government-related operations. What was a $4.4 billion industry in 2018 is expected to exceed $60 billion by 2025 as drone technology experiences a boom in innovation and there精东影业 a rise in the number of people using them for recreation. 

In 2022, drones are being employed in a range of industries. This includes film and video production, leisure, energy, construction and manufacturing, cargo delivery, and agriculture. 

However, in Africa, drones are being employed to fight a unique battle.  

With their rapid adoption across wildlife reserves in Southern Africa over the past decade, drone technology is one of the best tools in the arsenal of conservationists fighting to preserve the diversity of Africa精东影业 wildlife ecosystem.  

Poaching: is the damage already done? 

Over the last decade poaching has become one of the biggest threats to wildlife diversity and is responsible for the population decline of endangered species in Southern Africa. Among the worst affected are pangolins, rhinos, and elephants.  

The global illegal wildlife trade is to be a $23 billion industry. This includes the smuggling of items such as elephant ivory and rhino horns. 

From 2007 until the present day, rhino poaching in South Africa alone rose by 9,000%, according to the foundation. The foundation estimates that a rhino is slaughtered every 9 to 11 hours and an elephant is killed every 14 minutes.  

The foundation forecasts the extinction of these species within 10 years.  

Today, fewer than 30,000 rhinos are found in the wild, down from a population of 70,000 in 1970, according to  

The height of the rhino-poaching war in South Africa came between 2014 and 2016 when an average of three rhinos were killed every day, with around 1,200 rhinos poached annually, based on from Save the Rhino International.  

However, the same data shows that, from 2017, the number of rhinos poached experienced a noticeable decline. Cathy Dean, CEO of Save the Rhino International, that in 2020, the frequency of rhino-poaching in South Africa had decreased down to 鈥渆very 22 hours鈥. Dean described this as a 鈥渕uch-needed decline since the peak of the poaching crisis鈥. 

So, have drones contributed to this decline? 

One of the biggest challenges faced by wildlife and conservation reserves is the ability to monitor the whole of the game park or reserve. 

South Africa精东影业 Krugersdorp National Park is one of the largest game reserves in the world with an area of 19,485 km2 (7,523 square miles).  

The sheer size of Krugersdorp 鈥 which is approximately 360 km (220 miles) long and has an average width of 65 km (40 miles) 鈥 means it is difficult for park rangers to patrol the entire park effectively. , less than a fraction of the park is covered, according to Robert Miller, founder of The Eye Above Anti-Poaching Drone Project in South Africa. 

However, drone technology has shifted the balance of power in the fight against poaching. 

In 2014, Graham Dyer, a former ranger and drone operator in Kruger National Park, patrolled the Pretoriuskop area in Kruger National Park for a period of six weeks with drones. During that period, while the drones were airborne, compared to the previous month when nine rhinos were killed in poaching attacks. 

The ability to combine visual, thermal, and infrared detection capabilities during low visibility periods is one of the major advantages that drones bring to the table.  

Detecting poachers under the cover of night is a daunting task, and so drones increase the rangers鈥 response time and ability to detect poachers when it精东影业 dark 鈥 this is when of all poaching occurs.  

Drones equipped with infrared detectors can detect and distinguish the heating signatures of wild animals and humans during the evening or at night. The drones can also be outfitted with strobe lights, which can be used to pinpoint poachers. 

More advanced drone models are outfitted with that are used to detect the presence of firearms as well as the rate of fire of the firearm, and thus determine weaponry profiles. 

Drones can also be which can be used to herd wildlife away from poaching traps. 

While providing stealth and manufactured to produce very little noise during reconnaissance patrols, these drones enable game park patrols to surveil larger areas more effectively over sustained flight periods. 

However, drones do not come cheap. 

The central processing unit of a drone can weigh about 100g. However, the drone精东影业 batteries account for a sizable portion of the drone精东影业 weight. Large game parks require drones with a considerable battery life that can operate for six to eight hours. The prices range from . 

Drones hinder poachers’ ability to carry out their operations. But Dyer that while drones are the 鈥渆yes鈥 of patrol teams, they do not perform the arrests 鈥 rangers do. 

Leveling the playing field 

Air Shepherd, which uses drones to protect elephant and rhino species in Africa, deploys a combination of tactics to combat poaching in its regions of operation. 

Initially, the organization receives information from law enforcement of suspected upcoming poaching attacks. Air Shepherd then .  

If poachers are detected by the drone, that information is immediately relayed to rangers on the ground, who then proceed to intercept the poachers. 

Drones also offer safety benefits for ranger teams on night patrols. This includes vital information during direct encounters with heavily armed poachers, as well as information about avoiding animal populated areas to lessen the risk to rangers encountering unexpected gunfire or animal attacks in the dark.  

More than while on duty since 2003, according to Conservation International. 

The battle rages on 

While drones have been effective in conservationists鈥 fight against poaching, the battle to stamp out the practice rages on. 

There was a big in poaching in 2020 with poached during the first six months of the year, according to South Africa’s environment ministry. But this number has with 249 rhinos and 259 rhinos poached in the first six months of 2021 and 2022 respectively, according to the ministry. 

South Africa remains home to almost half of the endangered black rhino population in Africa as well as the largest population of white rhinos in the world. Conservationists and wildlife organizations remain on high alert as they continue to boost their anti-poaching actions with more drone and artificial intelligence solutions. 

The post Drones: the fight against poaching in Africa appeared first on 精东影业.]]> Three stories that highlight aviation精东影业 essential role in organ transplants /articles/31876-three-stories-of-how-vital-aviation-is-to-organ-transplants Thu, 11 Aug 2022 10:53:47 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31876-three-stories-of-how-vital-aviation-is-to-organ-transplants Organ transplantation is one of the greatest medical achievements of our time. It is an incredibly complex, advanced,…

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Organ transplantation is one of the greatest medical achievements of our time. It is an incredibly complex, advanced, and even dangerous procedure, which requires immense coordination and speed from all parties involved. This is why it is also one of the few medical fields where aviation has become crucial.  

Many different types of aircraft 鈥 from commercial airlines and helicopters to drones 鈥 are involved in the transportation of organs and, without these aircraft, many life-saving transplants simply would not have been possible.  

To mark essential aviation month at 精东影业, here are three accounts that not only highlight the vital role aviation plays in organ transplantation, but illustrate the drama, speed, and danger behind transporting organs in the air. 

Crashing heart  

On November 9, 2020, an AgustaWestland AW109 helicopter belonging to Prime Healthcare Air transportation, had been transporting a heart between Sharp Grossmont Hospital in San Diego and Keck Hospital in Los Angeles.   

In many ways, the journey was a typical scenario as it is common for an organ donor to be found in one city for a recipient located in another. Transporting either person for operation is not always feasible due to their condition.  

Meanwhile, a heart for a transplant for four to six hours after it is extracted from the body, which gives the doctors enough time to deliver it via a jet, helicopter or even a car depending on the distance.  

In this particular case, a helicopter was the optimal choice since both hospitals were equipped with helipads and the distance between the two locations – 180 kilometers (112 miles) 鈥 meant less than an hour of travel.  

However, as the helicopter was landing in Los Angeles, disaster struck. According to the , during the descent the pilot experienced minor issues with the controls and an attempt was made to abandon the approach. However, before he was able to do so, the helicopter spun out of control and suddenly yawed to the right.  

The pilot tried to keep the machine above the helipad and 鈥渄umped the collective鈥, changing the pitch of the rotor blades so that they would no longer provide the lift necessary to keep the out-of-control aircraft in the air.  

The helicopter crashed into the helipad before coming to a stop. Once hospital personnel were able to rush closer, they found that the pilot was only slightly injured, while the two passengers transporting the heart remained unscathed, refusing any medical attention.  

The heart was recovered and promptly delivered to the operating room. Despite being dropped on the way, an event which attracted considerable , the organ did not sustain any damage and the transplant was a success. 

No frills heart valves  

On December 12, 2018, a Southwest Boeing 737 flight from California landed at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA), before taking off several hours later to perform a flight to Dallas Fort Worth (DFW).  

Unbeknownst to passengers, a human heart was on board the flight. Transporting an organ on a scheduled flight, let alone a low-cost one, is a highly unusual event. However, there are circumstances when that is the optimal option.  

Even the most time-sensitive cargo, such as a human heart, can be transported on long distance flights, such as the one between California and Washington state. Often this involves private jets, both chartered and aircraft owned by companies spiralizing in similar cargo. Several thousand kilometers can be covered in the four-to-six hours window, depending on the time it takes to transport the heart from the hospital to the airport.  

The window expands further with less time-sensitive cargo. A liver can be kept for more than 10 hours before being transplanted, while a kidney can be kept for over a day. This reduces the necessity for the organ to be transported on a dedicated flight and significantly reduces the cost.   

The heart transported onboard the Southwest flight was not intended to be transplanted whole, just the valves were to be used. Heart valves can be transplanted up to two days after the heart is harvested.  

After landing in Seattle, the Southwest aircraft was refueled and prepared for the following flight. However, a document mix-up occurred, and the recipient of the precious cargo was not found. The aircraft took off for Dallas and reached the eastern side of Idaho before the error was discovered.  

According to in the local press, the passengers were informed of the blunder, the aircraft turned around and headed back to Seattle.  

After it landed, the team from LifeNet Health, a non-profit that specializes in organ procurement and transportation, were finally able to take the heart and deliver it to its destination, which was not revealed.  

The whole procedure took several hours longer than intended, but the additional time was not enough to mean that the transplant became unviable. , a representative for LifeNet Health said that the heart had been delivered to the hospital and the procedure was successful. The spokesperson also said that it is not uncommon for the non-profit to transport similar cargo on scheduled flights.   

Another step forward for drone revolution  

During the early morning of April 19, 2019, a large quadcopter drone may have been spotted in the skies above Baltimore, US. It was carrying a white box and landed on the roof of the University of Maryland Medical Center.  

The box contained a human kidney. It for the drone to fly between two hospitals, a trip that would have been significantly longer and less predictable via any other mode of transportation.  

Cars are commonly used to transport organs for short distances, and while there are numerous companies and services that specialize in this kind of transportation, driving has its downsides, such as human factors and traffic.  

While drone delivery is still in its infancy, there is one field where it has already been established: medicine. Shaving off just several minutes can save lives when it comes to the delivery of drugs. Delivery of organ transplants can be even more time-sensitive.  

According to numerous , doctors often feel that the current system of organ transportation is highly inadequate, and drones could provide the missing link, ensuring even speedier organ delivery. Other suggest avoiding traffic by flying over it would reduce the time it takes to deliver an organ by up to several hours.  

The April 2019 delivery was a successful test of a method that has since become more widely used.  

In 2021, a set of lungs between two hospitals for the first time, a larger, more delicate and time-sensitive organ than a kidney. At the time of writing, there have been no reported instances of heart transportation via drone, but it is almost certain that this milestone will be achieved sooner rather than later.  

Currently, the companies and services specializing in organ transplantation have a well-developed and coordinated communication and delivery network, with private jets, helicopters and even commercial aircraft playing a significant role. Drones will undoubtedly transform that network, adding one more aviation component to it, and allowing doctors to save more lives in the process. 

The post Three stories that highlight aviation精东影业 essential role in organ transplants appeared first on 精东影业.]]> A guide to understanding medical repatriation on commercial flights /articles/31877-medical-repatriation-on-commercial-flights Thu, 11 Aug 2022 10:16:04 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31877-medical-repatriation-on-commercial-flights The aviation industry doesn鈥檛 just provide employment, economic growth, and rapid connectivity across the world, it also plays…

The post A guide to understanding medical repatriation on commercial flights appeared first on 精东影业.]]> The aviation industry doesn鈥檛 just provide employment, economic growth, and rapid connectivity across the world, it also plays an essential role in transporting food to remote locations, conducting search and rescue operations, and is even involved in rapid medical repatriation.   

While serious medical emergencies typically require an air ambulance or helicopter, medical repatriation can also take place on a commercial flight.  

But just how easy it is to transport a patient via a scheduled flight? What are the logistical issues? And what are the positives? 精东影业 investigates.  

Medical repatriation on scheduled flights 鈥 commonplace or a rare occurrence? 

There are many reasons why people need air medical services, including commercial airline repatriation. While severely injured or ill patients are typically taken care of by a private air ambulance, helicopters or executive jets, medical repatriation on a commercial flight can be a viable alternative depending on the patient精东影业 medical state and the flight route.  

Medical repatriation on commercial flights is a common practice in the global healthcare and aero-medical industry, managing director at the European Aero-Medical Institute (EURAMI), Claudia Schmiedhuber told 精东影业.  

鈥淭here are several companies within the global industry that are specialized in this sector and provide commercial airline medical escorts to thousands of patients every year. Medical escorts take place every day all over the world,鈥 Schmiedhuber said.  

Generally, all commercial airlines that take patients on board require a pre-travel medical clearance, called Medical Information Form (MEDIF), which must be approved well in advance by the carrier精东影业 medical department. The patient精东影业 medical repatriation can only take place with the clearance.  

Schmiedhuber added: 鈥淯sually, most of the commercial airlines allow for commercial medical repatriations to take place on their aircraft. However, there are limits in route network and the patient精东影业 conditions which might cause repatriation to be denied.鈥 

What are the options for medical repatriation on commercial flights? 

Generally, there are three different ways for patients to fly commercially, according to a Medical Air Service report. These are commercial airline repatriation with a medical escort, commercial airline repatriation on a stretcher, and commercial repatriation in a patient transport compartment (PTC). 

Depending on the needs of the passenger and the approval of the airline, patients can be accompanied by a medical crew. Ordinally, patients with a medical escort must book either business or first-class cabins, meaning that the possibility of traveling with a low-cost carrier is greatly reduced.  

Commercial airline stretcher repatriations can be conducted where patients may not be able to use first or business class seating due to physical limitations from injury or illness. The commercial airline stretcher service is usually accommodated at the back of the airplane with a temporary screen to allow for privacy during the flight. 

Meanwhile, seriously ill passengers who need intensive care have the option to travel lying down in a patient transport compartment (PTC). The medical and technical equipment in a PTC is equivalent to that in an air ambulance. 

However, it is worth noting that there are only a few carriers that allow flights with a stretcher or patient transport compartment services.  

鈥淣ot all patients are allowed to travel commercially.鈥 

鈥泪t must be understood that airlines do not accept all patients on their aircraft,鈥 Schmiedhuber told 精东影业. 

鈥淩easons to deny a patient might be, for example, a serious condition, patients who cannot sit up for departure and landing,鈥 Schmiedhuber explained. 

In addition, being able to fly commercially may be denied if the patient精东影业 health condition endangers other passengers. For example, patients with infectious diseases or, in some cases, mental health conditions must be taken care of by an air ambulance. 

What are the main logistical challenges? 

While commercial airline repatriation is a low-cost alternative to traditional air ambulance or helicopter services, there are several logistical challenges, Schmiedhuber explained.  

Major challenges include receiving medical clearance and assuring that all necessary equipment is being carried. In addition, time management becomes an important factor when an injured or ill passenger has a connecting flight. 

鈥淭raveling with a medical patient normally requires more time when transferring to a different flight,鈥 Schmiedhuber said. 鈥淎lso, with the recent ever-changing COVID-19 related restrictions it has become complicated to assure smooth journey. Organizing transportation very much depends on the patient精东影业 location, destination as well as the patient精东影业 condition.鈥 

Not surprisingly, planning for a medical airline repatriation can range from a few hours to multiple days. But despite the challenges linked to transporting patients commercially, Schmiedhuber said that there are many advantages to medical repatriation on a scheduled flight.  

鈥淧atients can travel quite comfortably with sufficient space for medical care, shorter connections and flight times as well as cost-effectiveness,鈥 Schmiedhuber explained.  

For instance, the cost of commercial airline repatriation can start from roughly $10,000, while the cost of air ambulance services can start at $30,000. 

Will medical airline repatriation become even more prevalent? 

While medical airline repatriation cannot entirely replace air ambulance or helicopter services, the transportation of injured or seriously ill passengers on scheduled operations will likely begin to rise.  

鈥泪 believe that we will see an increase in travel activity over the next few years which will increase the demand for medical repatriations on both air ambulance and commercial carriers,鈥 Schmiedhuber explained. 鈥淥ne aspect in favor of commercial carriers is that we see more and more routes being developed which will help to transfer patients with less connections necessary.鈥 

Schmiedhuber added: 鈥泪 think that we will see more commercial medical repatriations being performed in the future and more carriers adapting their fleet and service offerings.鈥 

The post A guide to understanding medical repatriation on commercial flights appeared first on 精东影业.]]> How Thames Valley Air Ambulance takes the Emergency Room to the roadside /articles/31850-meeting-thames-valley-air-ambulance Tue, 09 Aug 2022 06:23:03 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31850-meeting-thames-valley-air-ambulance The Guard Room at RAF Benson in the Oxfordshire countryside presents the perfect viewpoint to gaze at the…

The post How Thames Valley Air Ambulance takes the Emergency Room to the roadside appeared first on 精东影业.]]> The Guard Room at RAF Benson in the Oxfordshire countryside presents the perfect viewpoint to gaze at the Spitfire that adorns the entrance to the airbase. While waiting for security approval to enter the base, I learn that it is home to two front-line Puma HC2 helicopter squadrons and one Operational Conversion Unit, flying a mix of Puma and Chinook helicopters. It is also home to the Operational Evaluation Unit of the Joint Helicopter Command.

However, the airbase also houses another helicopter 鈥 G-TVAL. It is the Thames Valley Air Ambulance EC135, that last year performed almost 3,000 missions, transporting specialist equipment and clinical professionals to accidents, medical emergencies, and a range of other dangerous and life-threatening situations.

鈥淲e bring the emergency room to the roadside鈥 says Amanda McLean, the chief executive officer of Thames Valley Air Ambulance.

The EC135 performs this critical work transporting the needed medical specialists and their equipment quickly to where it is needed. From the moment they get a callout, the Thames Valley team can scramble and be airborne within six minutes. With a cruising speed of around 120 knots (135MPH), the EC135 can reach anywhere in Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire within 15 minutes. IThe helicopter often flies from one emergency to another thanks to its 220-mile range (with normal fuel and payload).

Maybe you鈥檝e even seen the helicopter racing overhead. 鈥淲e normally operate at around 1,000 feet above ground level鈥 explains Ian, the head of flight operations and a former air ambulance pilot. The experienced aviator has a knowledge of the aircraft, operations and the broader aviation industry that keeps me hooked as we walk around the aircraft that is clearly his pride and joy.

鈥淢ost people get out of our way and we get a higher priority above all other traffic. When we use the 鈥楢lpha鈥 call sign it indicates that we are responding to an emergency,鈥 he explains. 鈥淭hey鈥檝e even shut Heathrow for us a couple of times to allow us to get to a critical case that happened close to the airport.鈥

G-TVAL carries 200 kilograms (441 pounds) of 鈥渞ole related鈥 equipment, including LUCAS, a CPR device that weighs 12kg. Every item is carefully reviewed and checked a minimum of once per month, with doctors, paramedics, pilots and others all taking on a variety of responsibilities to ensure the smooth and efficient running of the operation.

(Credit: Thames Valley Air Ambulance)

The helicopter weighs 鈥渁 shade under three tonnes鈥 and it can land in a very small space, says Ian. 鈥淲e need twice the dimension of the tail to the disc at the front. That精东影业 about 12 metres so we can land in a space of just 24 meters squared, which means that we can always get close and land on a sports field or village green. But safety is always key so if we have to go a little bit further to find a good place to land, we will.鈥

Being based at RAF Benson has its advantages, explains Chris, the assistant director of operations for Operational Delivery and former RAF Officer. 鈥泪t精东影业 my job to liaise with the Royal Air Force and other agencies to make sure we all operate in harmony. The RAF is very supportive of what we do here and it精东影业 great to be part of the Base community.鈥

In September 2022, Thames Valley Air Ambulance is hoping to get its own AOC (Air Operators Certificate) granted by the UK CAA and the current EC135 (leased and serviced by Babcock) will be replaced by a different model aircraft that the charity will buy outright. McLean explains that the new independence this helicopter ownership and AOC will bring means they will be able to react much faster in the interests of patients and crew. 鈥泪n the future we will be able to make fast decisions about things like night flying and operations around the clock. At the moment we have a number of providers we need to manage these kinds of changes with, but in the future, we will be fully in control of our own operations and our crew will be able to make more operational decisions closer to home.鈥

I head back into the crew room and find Andy, the critical care paramedic planning the day ahead. 鈥淲e make sure that we are always ready and that the kit is there, the team is cohesive and that we can go at a moment精东影业 notice. Every shift we do a ground run and make sure everything about the aircraft is operational and it is washed daily.

Planning is crucial, as with other aviation jobs, of course. 鈥淲e have a full crew briefing which covers all the aviation elements and medical matters, so we all know the situation as we start our shift,鈥 Andy explains 鈥淲e discuss the weather a lot; that精东影业 very British I guess, but also essential when you鈥檙e operating aircraft!鈥.

The Thames Valley team all cover multiple roles and the paramedics spend one shift a month in the 999 call centre helping the operators to determine when to launch G-TVAL. Critical care paramedic Andy tells me that the shifts in the call centre can be just as challenging as those in the air. 鈥淵ou鈥檙e sometimes dealing with six calls at the same time, and you have to work out how to manage it and what resource to send where.鈥

Modern technology also means that from the call centre, staff can sometimes get a live link to the 999 callers phone camera and see the situation in real-time., Andy reveals 鈥淲e also have the technology to ascertain a patient精东影业 heart rate and how they are breathing if the caller holds the phone really still near them.鈥

Andy explains that a good quality phone camera can detect our micro capillaries changing colour which can tell the 999 paramedic team how the heart is beating before any emergency crew reach the site.

Doctor James joins our conversation and explains that there are numerous 鈥渃rossovers鈥 between medical and aviation. 鈥淲e have multiple checklists and borrow a lot of good practice from the aviation world. We do constant checklist safety training so that we can鈥檛 get it wrong.鈥

There is a camaraderie in the crew room that most organisations would envy. A real sense of teamwork and a common purpose that leads to ultimate focus on the job in hand 鈥 and to giving people the very best chance of survival. Hopefully I will never need the services they provide, but if I do, I have complete faith that I will be in very safe hands.

You can watch the crew of G-TVAL in action on the 鈥楨mergency Helicopter Medics鈥 television programme on More4 and catch up TV in the UK.

The post How Thames Valley Air Ambulance takes the Emergency Room to the roadside appeared first on 精东影业.]]> How much do you know about essential aviation? | Quiz /articles/31821-essential-aviation-quiz Sat, 06 Aug 2022 05:00:00 +0000 https://www.aviatime.com/articles/31821-essential-aviation-quiz The aviation industry doesn鈥檛 just provide employment, economic growth, and rapid connectivity across the world. It also plays…

The post How much do you know about essential aviation? | Quiz appeared first on 精东影业.]]> The aviation industry doesn鈥檛 just provide employment, economic growth, and rapid connectivity across the world. It also plays an essential role in getting food to remote locations, conducting search and rescue operations, as well as rapid medical repatriation. 

 

How much do you know about essential aviation? | Quiz

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